v Definition
I.
Restrictive Clause.
Restrictive Clause is clause that limit or
“restrict” nouns further. It is an
important/highly information so it cannot be omitted from a sentence and it
doesn’t use comma.
Example:
a)
The student who
missed class was behind on her homework.
b)
The popcorn
that Sebastian made was stale.
In the first example,
the essential idea is that the specific student who missed class is the one behind
on her homework and not any of the other students. In the second example,
it is Sebastian’s popcorn that is stale and not anyone else’s popcorn. If the
restrictive clauses are
removed, it becomes impossible to clarify what is being described.
Relative pronoun used in restrictive clauses are wh-pronoun
or that :
|
|
Subject
|
Object
|
Possessive
|
|
For persons
|
Who
|
Whom/who
|
Whose
|
|
|
That
|
That
|
|
|
For
things
|
Which
|
Which
|
Whose/of
which
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|
|
That
|
That
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|
a)
Rrestrictive
clauses : for persons
·
Subject: who
or that
Eample : 1. The man who robbed you has
been arrested.
The word man
explain that there is only one man who robbed you.
2.
The hikers who
reached the top were very tired.
It means that only the
hikers who reached the top were very tired, and the other hikers who don’t
reach the top weren’t very tired.
·
Object of a
verb : whom or who or that
Example
: The man whom I saw told me
to come back today.
The word man explain
that there is only one man whom I saw and
will come back today.
The man who I saw
told me to come back today.
The man that I saw
told me to come back today.
b)
Restrictive
clauses : for thing
·
Subject
Which
Example : This is the picture which/that caused
such a sensation.
The
stairs which/that lead to the cellar are rather slippery.
·
Object of a
verb
Which
Example : The car which/that
I hired broke down.
II.
Non-restrictive Clause
Non-restrictive Clause is clause that do
not limit the reference of a noun. It
is just additional information so it can be omitted from a sentence and doesn’t
change the original meaning of the sentence. Non-restrictive clause is set off
from other clause by commas.
Examples :
a.)
The student,
who is on the school hockey team, has failed her last three tests.
b.)
The popcorn,
covered in butter, is stale.
In these examples, the non-restrictive clause may be removed from
the sentence without preventing the reader from understanding the essential
information being expressed. As well, in each case, the non-restrictive clause
is separated from the main sentence with commas. These commas let the reader
know that the information is extra and not grammatically essential.
Relative Pronoun that used in Non-restrictive Clause is only wh-pronoun
:
|
|
Subject
|
Object
|
Possessive
|
|
For
persons
|
Who
|
Whom/who
|
Whose
|
|
For
things
|
Which
|
Which
|
Whose/of
which
|
a.)
Non-restrictive
Clause : for person
·
Subject : who
Example : The hikers, who reached the top, were very tired.
It means that
not only the hikers who reached the top at that moment were very tired, but the
other hikers were also very tired.
Peter, who had been
driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town
Non-restrictive clause
there just additional information, don’t change the original meaning of the
sentence.
·
Object : whom,
who
The pronoun
cannot be omitted. Whom is the correct
form, though who is sometimes used in conversation:
Example : Peter,
whom everyone suspected, turned out to be innocent.
·
Possessive : whose
Example : Ann, whose children are at school all day,
is trying to get a job.
b.)
Non-restrictive
Clause : for thing
·
Subject : which
Example :
The Titanic, which
sank in April 1912, is the subject of a recent movie.
·
Object : which
Example : She gave me this jumper, which she had knitted
herself.
It mean that she give her
jumper which she had knitted herself.
These books, which
you can get at any bookshop, will give you all the information you need.
·
Possessive : whose
or of which
Example : His house, whose windows were all broken,
was a depressing sigh
It means that only one
house whose windows were all broken
The car, whose handbrake
wasn’t very reliable, began to slide backwards.
This is the table of differences between
Restrictive and Non-restrictive Clause.
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Restrictive
Clause
|
Non-restrictive
Clause
|
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Wh-pronoun or that
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Only which only
|
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Comma cannot suround it/ do not use comma
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Additional Information
|
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Cannot be omitted from a sentence
|
Commas may suround it/use comma
|
|
|
Can be omitted from a sentence
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Example of
Pharagraph
A lot of people believe that cities
should have more parks which would allow citizens to
enjoy the natural environment better. Currently, many city dwellers have
no opportunity to see trees, plants and birds and have no space to exercise, which is another benefit of open spaces in urban
areas. Both of these are important because they would improve the quality of
life for people who often suffer from not
having a pleasant environment. For example, both old people and children would
benefit from a place to exercise safely and breathe clean air at the same time.
